考研英语阅读

02

There were only 57 unprovoked bites last year, and just five of them were deadly, reports the University of Florida's International Shark Attack File.There had been nine such deaths in 2021.The shark attack file reported a year ago that one reason for the drop in bites might be the decrease of shark populations around the world.It is too early in the warm season to get an idea of how active this year will be for interactions between humans and sharks, said Greg Skomal.He is a shark expert with the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries."If we get lots of bait fish and forage fish species close to shore, we have a super hot summer that draws people to beaches, more people in the water, then we can determine the risk," Skomal said.The United States and Australia are the sites of the most reported shark bites.The state of Florida led the world last year with 16 unprovoked bites, the shark attack file said.This month, two Florida fishermen were bitten by sharks in separate incidents less than 36 hours apart.The rate of shark bites has stayed steady in recent years.But, people may think attacks are more common because of new technology to report shark sightings, said Nick Whitney, a lead scientist at the New England Aquarium in Boston.Recently developed smartphone apps permit users to report shark sightings in real time.

译文

据佛罗里达大学国际鲨鱼攻击档案报道，去年只发生了57起无端咬人事件，其中只有5起是致命的。2021年发生了9起鲨鱼咬人致死事件。国际鲨鱼攻击档案一年前报告称，咬人事件减少的一个原因可能是世界各地鲨鱼数量的减少。格雷格·斯科马尔说，在温暖的季节，要想知道今年人类和鲨鱼之间的互动会有多活跃还为时过早。他是马萨诸塞州海洋渔业局的鲨鱼专家。斯科马尔说：“如果海岸附近有大量的诱饵鱼和饲料鱼，且夏天超级炎热，吸引人们去海滩，更多的人在水中，那么我们就可以确定风险。”据报道，美国和澳大利亚是发生鲨鱼咬人事件最多的地区。国际鲨鱼攻击档案称，佛罗里达州去年发生了16起无端咬人事件，位居世界首位。本月，佛罗里达州的两名渔民在相隔不到36小时的不同事件中被鲨鱼咬伤。近年来，鲨鱼咬人率一直保持稳定。但是，波士顿新英格兰水族馆的首席科学家尼克·惠特尼说，人们可能认为鲨鱼袭击事件更常见，因为有了报道看见鲨鱼的新技术。最近开发的智能手机应用程序允许用户实时报道看到的鲨鱼。

03

White sharks, bull sharks and tiger sharks are the sharks most cited by the International Shark Attack File for unprovoked bites.They are large sharks that also cause the most deaths.However, remember that many interactions with sharks are with smaller species that are unlikely to cause serious injuries, said James Sulikowski, director of the Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station at Oregon State University.Those sharks might bite a human, realize we are not their desired prey and move on, he said.You are at much greater risk of getting hurt in a car accident on the way to the ocean than you are to get seriously injured by a shark bite when you are there.Millions of people go to the ocean in the summer as the weather heats up, and that raises the possibility of interacting with a shark.But by taking simple steps, visitors can reduce any chance of a dangerous interaction with a shark, Sulikowski said.Such steps include avoiding the water early and late in the day when most sharks hunt for food.You should also not carry anything shiny into the water."We are intruders in their environment. What we can do is be logical and safe about that and avoid areas where sharks are going to be feeding," Sulikowski said."When an interaction occurs, it's mistaken identity — we are in an area where a shark is looking to eat."I'm Caty Weaver.

译文

大白鲨、牛鲨和虎鲨是国际鲨鱼攻击档案最常被引用的无端咬人的鲨鱼。它们是导致死亡人数最多的大型鲨鱼。然而，俄勒冈州立大学俄勒冈海岸海洋实验站主任詹姆斯·苏利科夫斯基表示，要记住，与鲨鱼互动的大多是较小的物种，这些物种不太可能造成严重伤害。他说，那些鲨鱼可能会咬人，意识到我们不是它们想要的猎物时，它们就会继续前进。你在去海边的路上发生车祸受伤的风险比你在海里被鲨鱼咬伤的风险要大得多。随着夏天天气变暖，数百万人会去海边，这增加了与鲨鱼互动的可能性。但苏利科夫斯基说，通过采取简单的措施，游客可以减少与鲨鱼发生危险互动的可能性。这些措施包括避免在一天的早、晚时段下水，因为这两个时段是大多数鲨鱼捕食的时间。你也不应该携带任何闪闪发光的东西下水。苏利科夫斯基说：“我们是它们环境的入侵者。我们所能做的是合理而安全地避开鲨鱼捕食的区域。”当互动发生时，这是错误的特征——我们在一个鲨鱼寻找东西吃的地方。凯蒂·韦弗为您播报。返回搜狐，查看更多